What is Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and How Does It Harm the Body?

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme produced by white blood cells (neutrophils and monocytes) during the body's immune response. It plays a crucial role in the body's defense against pathogens by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which help kill bacteria and other microorganisms. However, excessive MPO activity and the resulting ROS production can have harmful effects on the body.

1. Oxidative Stress: MPO produces hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and other reactive intermediates, which can lead to oxidative damage to cells, proteins, lipids, and DNA.

2. Inflammation: High levels of MPO can contribute to chronic inflammation, which is a risk factor for various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and autoimmune disorders.

3. Atherosclerosis: MPO-derived oxidants can modify low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, making it more likely to accumulate in the walls of blood vessels, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries).

4. Tissue Damage: Excessive MPO activity can lead to tissue damage and contribute to the progression of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Tests to Determine MPO Levels

To measure MPO levels, healthcare providers can perform several tests:

1. Blood Test: A blood sample is analyzed to measure the concentration of MPO. Elevated MPO levels in the blood can indicate inflammation and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.

2. Urine Test: MPO levels can also be measured in urine to assess oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.

3. Immunoassays: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or other immunoassay techniques can be used to detect and quantify MPO levels in blood or tissue samples.

4. Flow Cytometry: This technique can measure MPO levels within specific cell populations, such as neutrophils and monocytes, providing detailed information about cellular MPO activity.

Adaptogenic Mushroom Elixirs That May Help Reduce MPO Levels

Several adaptogenic mushrooms have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may help reduce MPO levels and mitigate its harmful effects.

1. Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum): Reishi mushrooms have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. They may help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially lowering MPO levels.

2. Cordyceps (Cordyceps sinensis): Cordyceps mushrooms have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. They may help modulate immune responses and lower MPO activity.

3. Chaga (Inonotus obliquus): Chaga mushrooms are rich in antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory properties. They can help protect against oxidative damage and reduce inflammation.

4. Turkey Tail (Trametes versicolor): Turkey Tail mushrooms support immune function and have anti-inflammatory effects. They may help balance immune responses and reduce MPO levels.

5. Maitake (Grifola frondosa): Maitake mushrooms have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. They may help lower oxidative stress and inflammation.

6. Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus): While primarily known for its cognitive benefits, Lion’s Mane also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can help reduce overall inflammation.

MPO plays a crucial role in the immune response but can contribute to oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage when present in excess. Testing for MPO levels can help assess inflammation and cardiovascular risk. Incorporating adaptogenic mushroom elixirs with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, such as Reishi, Cordyceps, Chaga, Turkey Tail, Maitake, and Lion’s Mane, may help reduce MPO levels and support overall health.